有关软破解的一些名词解释（中英对照）(2)

Downgrading（降级）
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Many people seem to have some questions regarding to Downgrading. Let's see if we can answer those!
似乎许多人都有一些有关降级的问题。看看我们是否能回答它们！

First of all, let's start by explaining what it is and why you would use this technique.
首先，让我们来解释什么是降级，为什 么你可能会用到它。

As we all know (or maybe not), a big part of Homebrew was made possible due to a Bug in the Wii's security code called the Trucha bug (Sometimes called FakeSign Bug). This bug allowed us to run code that does not have an official signature from Nintendo (Hence the name FakeSign, Fake Signature) on the Wii.
众所周知（也许不是众所周知），homebrew之所以有可能，很大程度上是由于一个在Wii安全代码中存在的称之为Trucha bug的软件漏洞（有时叫做FakeSign Bug）。这个漏洞允许我们无需拥有任天堂的官方（软件）签名即可在Wii上运行代码（所以称为FakeSign，虚假签名）。

Nintendo then found out about this annoying bug and Patched it in several System menu updates. The first update to try this was update 3.3 (also known as the October 23th update), which blocked out the first Twilight Hack. The next Update, 3.4, did a better job and blocked out the Twilight hack for good..
之后任天堂发现了这个让人讨厌的漏洞并想办法在几次system menu升级中补上了漏洞。第一次此类升级是3.3（又称10月23日升级），它堵上了第一个Twilight Hack。下一次升级是3.4，这次更彻底地堵上了Twilight hack。

Anyway, the Twilight hack isn't the only thing they fixed. Most IOSs had this bug as well and those have now been replaced by newer versions that do not have the Trucha bug anymore. Due to this, we could no longer use any Homebrew that relied on the Trucha bug being there.
不管怎样，Twilight hack不是他们堵上的唯一漏洞。大多数IOS以前也有这个漏洞，现在它们被不再有Trucha漏洞的新版本替代了。因此我们无法再使用那些依赖于在那里（指IOS中）的Trucha漏洞的homebrew程序了。

The answer to this problem at that time was simple: create some Apps (called Downgraders) that are capable of re-installing the older, trucha bugged IOSs. In other words, they allowed you to go back to the latest System menu with the bug still intact: 3.2.
那时解决这个问题的办法很简单：写一些程序（称为降级程序Downgraders），它们能够重新安装老的有trucha漏洞的IOS。换言之，它们可以让你回到最后那个有此漏洞的system menu版本：3.2.

This all went well for quite some time, and many people were happy with their 3.2 Wii's. In the mean time, an App named Starfall was released which could effectively Block disc updates so people would be able to keep the 3.2 firmware.
在很长一段时间里这个方法很好用，很多人对他们的3.2 Wii机器很满意。与此同时，有人发布了一个叫做Starfall的程序，它可以有效地阻止光盘升级以便大家能保持3.2固件。

However, Nintendo wasn't done with us yet! After some time, they managed to bring out a new kind of Wii, the Lu64+ Wii as it is called now days. These Wii's have a small hardware change, as well as an update for Boot2. These changes made it so that when a Lu64+ is downgraded, it instantly Bricks the Wii. (To find out why, read About:Lu64+).
然而，任天堂还没有停止！过了一段时间后，他们又想办法推出了一种新型号的，现在被叫做LU64+的Wii。这些Wii有一些小的硬件改动，以及boot2的一次更新。这些改动使得当LU64+被降级时会立即变砖。（想知道为什 么，看这里）

Ok, so we know that there are only few IOSs that can be safely downgraded on Lu64+ wii's. Can't we use one of those to do something?
Yes we can, and we even still use this method today!
好了，现在我们知道在LU64+ wii中，只有一小部分IOS可以安全地降级。我们能不能利用其中某一个来作点事呢？
回答是可以的，时至今日我们仍然在使用这个方法！

The principle is quite simple: Downgrade one IOS that is safe to be downgraded (like IOS15) and use that IOS to patch the Trucha back in a more recent IOS (IOS36, since that's the most suitable one), which could then be used for other stuff. This is how the Trucha Bug restorer was made!
原理非常简单：把其中可以安全地降级的某个IOS降级（比方说IOS15），并利用那个IOS把Trucha漏洞补回到一个最新的IOS中（IOS36，因为它是最合适的那一个），再利用后者作其它事情。这就是Trucha Bug restorer的原理！

Using this new method, it was no longer needed to Downgrade your Wii to a lower firmware, as you could simply restore the Trucha bug on any firmware version!
利用这个新方法，就没有必要把你的Wii降级到一个较低版本的固件了，因为你可以简单的在任何固件版本上恢复trucha漏洞！

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Conclusion: We don't downgrade our Wii's anymore for 2 reasons:
*    It is not even needed!
*    It is dangerous on New Wii's.
结论：有两个原因我们不需再降级Wii：
*    不再需要了!
*    对新的Wii有危险.

So the next time you see a guide that uses Downgrading (I mean the full downgrading, not the IOS15 downgrading), please avoid it at all costs and try to warn other people so they would do the same!
所以下次当你见到使用降级手段的指南时（我指的是完全降级，不是IOS15降级），不要用它，并警告其他人让他们也不要用。